Introduction
A laboratory desiccator is a sealed vessel that holds its contents in a dry, low-humidity atmosphere. A drying agent sits in the base, a perforated plate carries your sample above it, and the airtight lid shuts moisture out, so hygroscopic reagents, dried solids and cooled samples stay dry.
In New Zealand labs the desiccator is a quiet workhorse, from universities and Crown Research Institutes to environmental, water and food testing. It stores moisture-sensitive materials, cools crucibles and samples after drying or ignition without letting them take up water, and protects standards and reagents. It is central to accurate gravimetric work, where even a trace of reabsorbed moisture shifts a weight.
This guide walks through what a desiccator is, what it is used for, how it works, the main types, the desiccants that go inside, and how to choose and use one.
What is a desiccator?
A desiccator is a thick-walled vessel, usually borosilicate glass or polycarbonate, closed by a lid that seals against a ground flange. A removable perforated plate splits it in two: the drying agent, or desiccant, sits below, while your sample rests on the plate above, kept clear of the desiccant.
The sealed air inside is dried by the desiccant, which takes up water vapour and keeps the humidity low. A vacuum desiccator adds a stopcock on the lid so the chamber can be pumped down for faster, deeper drying. Tap a part below to see how it all fits.
Tap a part to learn what it does.
What a desiccator is used for
The shared theme is keeping things dry in a controlled, sealed space. Common tasks on a New Zealand bench include:
- Storing hygroscopic reagents and chemicals
- Cooling crucibles and samples after ignition or drying
- Protecting moisture-sensitive standards and samples
- Slow drying of solids at room temperature
- Sample preparation ahead of accurate weighing
- Keeping electronics, optics or wafers dry in storage
In gravimetric analysis the desiccator is essential: a heated sample cools inside it so it cannot take on moisture before weighing, which would skew the result.
How it works
A desiccator works by sealing a small pocket of air and letting a desiccant draw the moisture out of it. Step through the setup and watch the humidity drop.
STEP 1 OF 6
Types of desiccator
A handful of styles cover most needs. Tap one to see where it fits.
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Desiccants compared
The drying agent in the base does the heavy lifting. Switch between the common choices.
Bars are general guidance for comparison, not measured performance figures.
Find the right setup
Three quick taps and we will suggest a desiccator and desiccant, with a link to shop it on LabFriend NZ.
1. What are you mainly doing?
2. How dry, how fast?
3. Any build preference?
Pick an option above to see a suggestion.
How to use a desiccator
Setting one up and running it well comes down to six steps:
- Add fresh desiccant. Put a dry drying agent in the base. Indicating silica gel shows its colour when it still has capacity and when it is spent.
- Fit the plate. Set the perforated plate on top of the desiccant bed so air can circulate underneath.
- Place your sample. Rest the sample or dish on the plate, clear of the desiccant, so nothing sits in the drying agent.
- Seal the lid. Lightly grease the ground flange, or check the O-ring, and slide the lid on with a twisting motion for an airtight seal.
- Evacuate if vacuum type. On a vacuum desiccator, connect a vacuum pump through the stopcock, draw the vacuum, then close the valve.
- Open with care. Release any vacuum slowly, then slide the lid sideways rather than lifting it straight up.
Common mistakes to avoid
A few habits undo either the seal or the sample. Keep an eye out for:
- Using spent desiccant, so the chamber never really dries
- Forgetting to grease or seat the lid, breaking the seal
- Lifting the lid instead of sliding it, which can chip the flange
- Putting very hot items straight in, risking thermal shock or condensation
- Releasing a vacuum too quickly and scattering the sample
- Letting the sample sit directly in the desiccant bed
Each one either loses the dry atmosphere or spoils the sample, so they are worth folding into your routine.
Standard vs vacuum desiccator
The two look alike but reach dryness in different ways. Compare them below.
Frequently asked questions
What is a laboratory desiccator used for?
To keep contents in a dry, sealed atmosphere. It is most often used to store hygroscopic reagents and moisture-sensitive samples, and to cool heated crucibles and samples after drying or ignition without reabsorbing water.
How does a desiccator work?
A desiccant in the base takes up water vapour from the sealed air, lowering the humidity inside. Your sample rests on a perforated plate above the desiccant and stays dry. A vacuum desiccator also lowers the pressure to dry faster.
What desiccant should I use?
Indicating silica gel is the common all-rounder and shows when it is spent. Molecular sieves hold a lower humidity for sensitive work, Drierite is a tough reusable option, and calcium chloride is high-capacity but messy. Most can be regenerated by heating.
What is the difference between a standard and vacuum desiccator?
A standard desiccator holds a dry atmosphere at ambient pressure using the desiccant alone. A vacuum desiccator adds a stopcock so the chamber can be evacuated with a vacuum pump, reaching lower humidity and drying faster.
How do I regenerate indicating silica gel?
Heat it in an oven until the indicator returns to its dry colour, then let it cool in a sealed container before use. This drives off the absorbed moisture so the gel can be used again.
Why cool samples in a desiccator?
A hot sample cooling in open air picks up moisture, which adds weight and skews gravimetric results. Cooling it in a desiccator keeps it dry so the weight you record is accurate.
How do I open and close a desiccator properly?
Slide the lid sideways across the greased flange rather than lifting it straight up, which keeps the seal and protects the ground glass. On a vacuum desiccator, release the vacuum slowly through the stopcock first.
Final thoughts
The desiccator is a simple vessel with an important job: holding a dry, stable atmosphere so samples, reagents and standards keep their integrity. Understanding how the desiccant and the seal work together helps you choose the right type, pick a suitable drying agent, and get repeatable results. For any New Zealand lab handling moisture-sensitive work, it stays a bench essential.
Keep it dry
Browse glass, plastic and cabinet desiccators, plus desiccants, at LabFriend NZ.
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